Defining Anaphylaxis along with Triggers, Prevention & Treatment

Medical research has revealed that nearly 1 in 20 people in the US have experienced anaphylaxis as an allergy reaction. Allergy doctors nationwide emphasize how dangerous the condition is and how fast it can claim lives within minutes, sometimes even seconds, of exposure to the allergen.

What is Anaphylaxis?

Often referred to as an anaphylactic shock, during anaphylaxis, the blood pressure undergoes a rapid decrease, so rapid in fact that cells and organs cease to function. This condition can grip the body in a matter of seconds. The peak symptoms occur between 3 to 30 minutes. Delayed reactions are possible but uncommon.

Anaphylaxis is mediated by the body’s immune system. The antibodies overreact to a harmless substance and end up causing an allergic reaction.

Common Triggers of Anaphylaxis

Technically, anything can cause an allergic reaction, but according to allergy clinics, there are some triggers that are more common than others.

• Food allergies - Food allergies are arguably the most commonly found. Lactose, seafood, gluten, eggs, and nuts are a few examples.

• Medicine and drugs - A lot of people are allergic to antibiotics, NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), and muscle relaxants.

• Bugs and Insects - Approximately 7.5% of people in the US are estimated to be allergic to wasps and bee stings.

• Latex - Latex present in rubber gloves, condoms, and chewing gum can act as an allergen to certain people. To prevent this, most medical wards use non-latex gloves in their procedures.

How to Tell Someone is Going through an Anaphylactic Reaction?

It is essential that one knows the signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction. A quick reaction can potentially save lives.

• Hives, incessant itching, flushed or pale skin, and other skin reactions

• Hypotension aka low blood pressure

• Wheezing and trouble breathing due to constriction of airways, swollen tongue and throat

• Frenetic pulse

• Dizziness, nausea, loss of consciousness

• Vomiting and diarrhea

The symptoms of anaphylactic shock can be classified into four grades - from grade 1 (mildest) to 4 (most severe).

Prevention and Treatment of Anaphylaxis

Since anaphylaxis can worsen to the brink of being life-threatening in a matter of minutes, allergy doctors strongly recommend preparing an action plan beforehand as a safety measure. Preventive measures include the following steps -

• Alert all your healthcare providers of your drug allergies

• Use extra caution around stinging insects. Wear long sleeves and avoid walking barefoot. If you do find a wasp or bee in your presence, don’t bat at it; stay calm and move away.

• Read the labels of all the food items you buy. When eating out, mention all your allergies to the servers. Ask for an ingredients list and how the meal is prepared.

• Get yourself allergy tested.

Epinephrine (adrenaline) shots are particularly effective against the symptoms of anaphylaxis. Those susceptible to allergies are suggested to carry an epi-pen at all times. Upon experiencing the symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction, inject the shot into your thigh. Give it 15 minutes, if you do not feel better, take another injection and call 911 for medical help.

If you do not have an epi-pen on you at the moment, consider a dose of antihistamines like Benadryl. Keep in mind Benadryl only takes care of the symptoms at a surface level. You should be seeking medical attention as soon as you are able to.

Oklahoma Otolaryngology Associates, LLC is here to help you with allergies. We are an allergy clinic in OKC that will take care of all your symptoms and send you home feeling your best. Our crew of allergy doctors has been taking care of pediatric and adult allergies for over 35 years. Book an appointment with us via our patient portal!

**Disclaimer: The information on this page is not intended to be a doctor's advice, nor does it create any form of patient-doctor relationship.